Born June 19, 1947, in Bombay, Maharashtra, India; son of Anis Ahmed (in business) and Negin Rushdie; married Clarissa Luard (in publishing), May 22, 1976 (divorced, 1987); married Marianne Wiggins (an author), 1988 (divorced, 1990); married Elizabeth West, 1997 (divorced, 2004); married Padma Lakshmi, 2004. children: (first marriage) Zafar (son), (second marriage) Milan (daughter). Education: King's College, Cambridge, M.A. (with honors), 1968. Memberships: International PEN, Royal Society of Literature (fellow; president, 2004--), Society of Authors, National Book League (member of executive committee), International Parliament of Writers (chair). Addresses: Office: Deborah Rogers Ltd., 49 Blenheim Crescent, London W11, England. Agent: Wylie Agency Ltd., 36 Parkside, London SW1X 7JR, England.

NOVELS

• Grimus, Gollancz (London, England), 1975, Modern Library (New York, NY), 2003.
• Midnight's Children, Knopf (New York, NY), 1981, Random House (New York, NY), 2006.
• Shame, Knopf (New York, NY), 1983, Random House (New York, NY), 2008.
• The Satanic Verses, Viking (New York, NY), 1988, Random House (New York, NY), 2008.
• The Moor's Last Sigh, Jonathan Cape (London, England), 1995, Knopf (New York, NY), 1996.
• The Ground beneath Her Feet, Henry Holt (New York, NY), 1999.
• Fury, Random House (New York, NY), 2001.
• Shalimar the Clown, Random House (New York, NY), 2005.
• The Enchantress of Florence (novel), Random House (New York, NY), 2008.

• The Jaguar Smile: A Nicaraguan Journey, Viking (New York, NY), 1987, Random House (New York, NY), 2008.
• Haroun and the Sea of Stories (juvenile), Granta Books (London, England), 1990.
• Imaginary Homelands: The Collected Essays, Viking (London, England), 1991, published as Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism, 1981-1991, Viking (New York, NY), 1992.
• The Wizard of Oz: BFI Film Classics, Indiana University Press (Bloomington, IN), 1992.
• Soldiers Three & In Black & White, Viking Penguin (London, England), 1993.
• The Rushdie Letters: Freedom to Speak, Freedom to Write, edited by Steve MacDonogh, University of Nebraska Press (Lincoln, NE), 1993.
• East, West (stories), Pantheon Books (New York, NY), 1994.
• (Editor, with wife, Elizabeth West) Mirrorwork: Fifty Years of Indian Writing, 1947-1997, Henry Holt (New York, NY), 1997.
• Conversations with Salman Rushdie, edited by Michael Reder, University Press of Mississippi (Jackson, MS), 2000.
• (Adapter, with Simon Reade and Tim Supple) Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children (play; produced in London, England, 2004), Modern Library (New York, NY), 2003.
• Step across This Line: Collected Nonfiction 1992-2002, Random House (New York, NY), 2003.
• (Editor, with Heidi Pitlor) The Best American Short Stories 2008, Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA), 2008.

Author of television screenplays The Painter and the Pest, 1985, and The Riddle of Midnight, 1988; author of screen adaptation of "The Firebird's Nest"; work represented in anthologies, including Granta Thirty-nine: The Body, Viking Penguin, 1992; contributor to magazines and newspapers, including Atlantic, Granta, London Times, London Review of Books, New Statesman, and New York Times. Rushdie's literary archives are housed at Emory University, Atlanta, GA.